Python提供HTTP文件服务的几种方式

Python有多种方式可以用来提供HTTP文件服务，以下是主要的几种方法：

1. 使用内置模块

http.server (Python 3)

python -m http.server 8000
# 或指定目录
python -m http.server 8000 --directory /path/to/files

SimpleHTTPServer (Python 2)

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000

2. 使用第三方Web框架

Flask

from flask import Flask, send_from_directory
import os

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/files/<path:filename>')
def download_file(filename):
    directory = '/path/to/files'
    return send_from_directory(directory, filename, as_attachment=True)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=8000)

FastAPI

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles

app = FastAPI()
app.mount("/files", StaticFiles(directory="/path/to/files"), name="files")

Django

# 在urls.py中添加
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    # ...其他路由
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

3. 专用文件服务库

aiohttp

from aiohttp import web
import os

async def handle(request):
    name = request.match_info.get('name', "")
    if not name:
        raise web.HTTPNotFound()
    
    file_path = os.path.join('/path/to/files', name)
    if not os.path.exists(file_path):
        raise web.HTTPNotFound()
    
    return web.FileResponse(file_path)

app = web.Application()
app.add_routes([web.get('/{name}', handle)])

web.run_app(app, port=8000)

Twisted

from twisted.web.static import File
from twisted.web.server import Site
from twisted.internet import reactor

resource = File('/path/to/files')
factory = Site(resource)
reactor.listenTCP(8000, factory)
reactor.run()

4. 其他工具

pyftpdlib (FTP服务)

from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer
from pyftpdlib.handlers import FTPHandler
from pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer

authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
authorizer.add_anonymous("/path/to/files")

handler = FTPHandler
handler.authorizer = authorizer

server = FTPServer(("0.0.0.0", 21), handler)
server.serve_forever()

webdav

from wsgidav.wsgidav_app import WsgiDAVApp
from wsgidav.fs_dav_provider import FilesystemProvider

provider = FilesystemProvider("/path/to/files")
app = WsgiDAVApp({
    "provider_mapping": {"/": provider},
    "verbose": 1,
})

# 可以使用任何WSGI服务器运行，如：
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
httpd = make_server("", 8000, app)
httpd.serve_forever()

选择建议

• 快速测试：使用内置的http.server
• 简单服务：Flask或FastAPI
• 高性能：aiohttp或Twisted
• 需要WebDAV功能：wsgidav
• FTP服务：pyftpdlib

根据您的具体需求（性能、功能、安全性等）选择合适的方案。